SOME PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC MATTER FROM BOTTOM-LAKE DEPOSITS OF NORTH-EASTERN POLAND A. Lachacz, B. Kalisz, M. Nitkiewicz
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland, andrzej.lachacz@uwm.edu.pl
In Poland peat deposits are frequently underlain by bottom-lake deposits, which are also termed gyttja or sapropel deposits.
Sapropel is a freshwater deposit consisting of organic matter with admixture of fine mineral particles [1]. Normally it is found at the bottom of water bodies. As a result of artificial drainage of lakes and lake-side peatlands, sapropel deposits are exposed at the ground surface and aerobic soil-forming processes are commenced [2]. In the north-eastern part of Poland ca. 200 such sites with sapropel deposits of the total area of 8000 ha are known. They consist of sapropel deposits from the surface or shallow peat layer (thickness less than 30 cm) is present at the surface [4]. The aim of this study was to characterise organic matter of some soils formed from bottom-lake deposits.The sapropel deposits were classified based on the content of three main components, i.e. organic matter (determined as weight loss on ignition), calcium carbonate, and non-calcareous mineral fraction (ash). The most common are organic sapropel deposits (detrital and algal), but mixed deposits - detrital-calcareous, clay-calcareous are also present. Soil samples were taken from surface and subsurface horizons. For isolation of humus fractions a procedure introduced by Dabin was applied [3]. First the light organic fragments were separated by 2 M phosphoric acid, which additionally removed the carbonates. It enables the quantification of unbound fulvic acids. Then 0.1 M sodium diphosphate and 0.1 M sodium hydroxide were used. Humic acids of sodium diphosphate and sodium hydroxide were separated from fulvic acids by acidification at pH 1 with 2 M hydrochloric acid. In the end, the following fractions were obtained: free fulvic acids, diphoshate fulvic acids, diphosphate humic acids, soda fulvic acids, soda humic acids. The insoluble fraction (humins) predominated in the soil organic matter. In the alkali soluble fraction, the fulvic acid fraction prevailed over humic acids.
References Berglund K. 1996. Properties of cultivated gyttja soils. International Peat Journal, 6: 5-23. Chmieleski J., Zeitz J. 2008. Gyttja-bearing soils in Northern Europe: formation and pedogenesis. Proceedings of the 13th International Peat Congress-Tullamore, Ireland, 8-13 June 2008, Vol. 2: 5-7. Dabin B. 1971. Ltude d’une methode dextraction de la matiere humique du sol. Sciences du Sol 47: 47-63. Uggla H. 1964. Gyttjaboden in Nordpolen. Transactions of the 8th International Congress of Soil Science, Bucharest, Romania, Vol. 5: 619-633.
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